Key Takeaways

  • Do not put references on your resume, and skip "references available on request" too.
  • Keep a separate reference sheet ready to send the moment it is asked for.
  • Always ask a reference before listing them, and brief them on the role.
  • Choose references who can speak to your actual work, not just your title.

The Short Answer

Leave references off your resume entirely. Space on a resume is scarce, and references are only relevant at the offer stage — long after the resume has done its job. Listing them early gives away nothing useful and wastes room you could use for a stronger bullet.

Skip "References Available on Request" Too

This line is a relic. Everyone knows you will provide references if asked, so the phrase adds no information and quietly signals an outdated resume. Delete it and use the line for something that helps you get the interview.

Keep a Separate Reference Sheet

When an employer asks — usually near an offer — send a clean, separate document that matches your resume's header. For each reference include:

  • Name and job title
  • Company
  • Relationship to you ("Former manager at [Company]")
  • Phone and email
  • One line on what they can speak to

Choose the Right People

The best reference is someone who directly supervised or worked closely with you and can speak to specific results. A senior title who barely knew you is weaker than a direct manager who can say "she rebuilt our reporting pipeline." Aim for two to four references, ideally including at least one recent manager.

Always Ask First — and Brief Them

Never surprise a reference. Ask permission, then set them up to help you: send them the job description, remind them of a couple of your relevant wins, and tell them what the role emphasizes. A briefed reference gives a specific, glowing answer instead of a generic "yes, they were fine."

Frequently Asked Questions

What if the application form has a references field?

Fill it in there — that is a request. The rule is only about not volunteering references on the resume itself.

Can I use a peer or a client as a reference?

Yes, if a manager reference is not available. A client who can speak to your delivery, or a senior peer who led projects with you, both work well.

How many references should I prepare?

Three is the standard ask. Line up three to four so you have a backup if someone is unreachable.